
IRON AGE COIN,
TURING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF KENT AT CANTERBURY
Archaeological excavations on the ridge of St Thomas’s Hill, Canterbury in 2013, ahead of the construction of new student accommodation and associated works at the University of Kent campus, revealed an extensive Iron Age settlement and a possible small manufacturing centre that produced textiles, pottery and metalwork.
The main focus of activity at the site dates to the early to middle Iron Age, with some uncertainty over when the settlement fell out of use. The late Iron Age finds assemblage reflects what appears to be a significantly reduced intensity of use of the site. This gold coin (the only numismatic find from the site) is the only metal find that can be certainly assigned to this period.
Date: Late Iron Age (ca. 58-57BC)
OBJECT
Origin and discovery
This Gallo-Belgic gold coin, or ‘stater’, was struck in Gaul – a Roman province that roughly corresponds to modern-day France and Belgium. These coins are not uncommon finds in south-east England and were produced in vast numbers, probably to finance war against Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. The Gallic Wars were held between Gallic, Germanic and Brittonic tribes that fought to defend their territories against an aggressive Roman campaign. The Wars culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC which resulted in a Roman victory followed by an expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul. If the link with the Gallic Wars is correct, then this coin was probably struck circa 58-57 BC. Coins such as this one can circulate for a long time and often occur as residual finds in much later contexts, or due to their small size, occur as intrusive finds in earlier contexts, sometimes as the result of animal burrowing or worm action. However, this coin is quite large and so it is probable that it provides a terminus post quem date of 58 BC for the infilling of the small pit from which it was found. The gold coin was found in the fill of a small oval-shaped pit located downslope on the south-eastern side of the excavation site. The pit was discovered on the line of a well-rutted trackway, aligned north-west to south-east, that was established by the end of the late Iron Age. Further activity on the lower slope was sparse with little evidence for occupation whilst upslope, on the upper ridge, was a small cremation cemetery dated to the first century BC and a shallow pit containing fragments of a Roman amphora (see Kent’s Diverse Past – Roman Republic). Late Iron Age pottery was found on the site, but not in large quantities, and there was a total lack of Gallo-Belgic finewares, leading to the conclusion that occupation at the site ceased sometime after circa 20–15 BC, and that even before then the site was not intensively occupied. The almost total lack of late Iron Age coinage, the gold stater notwithstanding, supports this conclusion.
Use
The coin is stamped with a stylised horse and crescent on one side, whilst the other side has been intentionally left blank. This is because coins made during the Gallic Wars were made in haste and with only one side stamped. Usually the obverse of coins such as this show a head. The coin is unlikely to have been used as money, but perhaps exchanged as a gift and buried in the ground as an offering. It was found in a small pit along with finds of burnt flint and a single abraded pottery sherd dated to circa 25 BC to AD 50. The coin shows some wear around its edges, but is otherwise in fine condition.
ARCHIVE
Current Location
Canterbury Archaeological Trust archives.
Catalogue Entry
Site code: K3 UKC EX 13
SF4. Gold coin. Gallo-Belgic E stater. Early Class 1, struck ca. 58-57 BC. Diameter 18-19mm, thickness 2.5mm, weight 6.3g. Context (202), fill of pit [330]. Pit [330] measured 0.78m by 1.16m and 0.14m deep with steep sides and a flate base. It contained a single fill of reddish-brown silty clay with burnt flint inclusions. A single abraded sherd (2g) of late Iron Age pottery was also recovered.



