
GOLD AND GARNET-INLAID PENDANT,
CRANMER HOUSE, CANTERBURY
One of the most exquisite objects ever discovered by Canterbury Archaeological Trust, this gold and garnet-inlaid pendant was found in a disturbed grave at Cranmer House, on London Road, Canterbury. A masterpiece of early Anglo-Saxon craftsmanship, it was probably made in east Kent during the reign of the Kentish king Eadbald (r. AD 616/18-640).
Date: Anglo-Saxon (ca. AD 620-630)
OBJECT
Origin and discovery
This composite gold and garnet-inlaid pendant is a masterpiece of Kentish craftmanship. The primary material used to make it is gold. The source of the gold was probably imported Frankish coinage that had been melted down to be remade into distinctively Kentish jewellery. The garnets probably originally came from the distant island of Sri Lanka (see ‘Kent’s Diverse Past’ for more information on the long-distance trade of these gems during the sixth and seventh centuries). The large now-empty cells that form a cruciform arrangement within the central area of the pendant would have once been filled with a white calcite material, probably shell, thus creating a striking contrast with the gold, dark red garnets. The pendant was edged with beaded and twisted gold wire and the suspension loop is also decorated with filigree. The overall design of the pendant closely relates it to the series of composite disc brooches produced in east Kent during the first half of the seventh century AD. Indeed, it is effectively such a brooch made into a pendant. It would have been made somewhere in east Kent, possibly at Faversham where there is some evidence for a concentration of high status craftworking from the mid-sixth century onwards. Such production would almost certainly have been carried out at the behest of the Kentish royal dynasty. The pendant was discovered during the construction of Cranmer House, on the corner of London Road and Prince’s Way, in the St Dunstan’s area of Canterbury, in the winter of 1982. This was the former site of Westgate Court Farm, situated about half a kilometre north west of the Westgate of the city. A large Roman cremation cemetery existed on the site, but some later features of early Anglo-Saxon date were encountered at its western end. One of these, feature 70, may have been a disturbed inhumation grave and it was from the fill of this possible grave that the pendant was found. The grave (if it was such) would almost certainly have originally contained a range of other artefacts, including other items of dress such as beads and perhaps other pendants (though it is likely this pendant was the most splendid and formed the centre-piece of the necklace). However, it appears the grave was badly disturbed or perhaps deliberately robbed during the Anglo-Saxon period, perhaps not many years after the burial. Whilst we will never know what else it contained, we can only be thankful that this wonderful object survived to be found by the Trust’s archaeologists.
Use
This pendant would have formed the centrepiece of an elaborate necklace, which would have been worn by a woman of considerable status, with such necklaces firmly linked to female gender. The cruciform arrangement of its cells was probably intended to form a Christian motif, reflecting the strengthening grip of the Christian faith in Kent from the 620s onwards, at least amongst the Kentish elite. The production and distribution of such a high-quality piece of distinctively Kentish jewellery would have probably been controlled by the Kentish royal dynasty. The pendant may well have been a gift from a member of that dynasty (or indeed its wearer may have been a relative), and wearing it probably signified direct links or affiliation to the Kentish kings. Although probably made during the 620s, there is evidence that the pendant was later modified and in addition, the loop and upper edge of the pendant show signs of considerable wear. Taken together, this evidence suggests the pendant was of some age when it came to be buried along with its wearer. This could easily have been as late as the 650s.
ARCHIVE
Current Location
The pendant is now part of the collections of Canterbury Museums and is currently on display in the Beaney House of Art and Knowledge in Canterbury.
Catalogue Entry
Site code: WCF82
SF23. Gold pendant, inlaid with cloisonné garnets and decorated with filigree wires. The circular body of the pendant is surmounted by a barrel-shaped suspension loop. And outer zone of decoration comprises garnets inlaid in a combination of stepped and curved shapes. All but a few of the garnets are present. The central zone of decoration consists of now empty cells forming a convex cruciform design. These cells would probably have been inlaid with shell, thus providing a strong colour contrast with the gold and dark red garnets. The semi-circular spaces between the arms of the cross are inlaid with convex garnet settings and are connected to the central boss by small square garnet cells. The central boss itself, which when found was detached, comprises a garnet-inlaid domed stud in a filigree wire collar. This was originally soldered to a concealed gold support fixed to the back sheet. The whole pendant is edged with beaded and twisted impressions of the cell-work soldered to its other side can be seen; these include the marks left by a circular support for the central stud, which was later drastically cut away. This, together with wear on the pendant's loop and upper edge, suggest that this object was of some age when buried. It was produced during the first half of the seventh century, probably during the 620s on the basis of both stylistic parallels and its gold content of 84-85%. Diameter 40mm. Feature [70], a shallow grave-shaped cut backfilled with redeposited brickearth, possibly a disturbed inhumation burial.
(Based on a description by Dr Leslie Webster of the British Museum.



